An ever-expanding list of analytical and characterization techniques and their fundamentals, in Physics, Biology and Chemistry:

Xray Diffraction (XRD)

Small-angle Xray Scattering (SAXS)

Wide-angle Xray Scattering (WAXS)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Electron Paramagnetic/Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR/ESR)

Electron Ptychography

Xray FLuorescence (XRF)

Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis)

Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)

Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)

Linear Dichroism Measurement

Circular Dichroism Measurement

Muller Matrix Polarimetry

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Western Blotting

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)

Energy Dispersive Xray Spectroscopy (EDS/EDX)

Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA)